CBD and THC: Key Differences and Effects
CBD (cannabidiol) and THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) are the two main compounds in cannabis plants. They impact the body differently. THC is psychoactive and creates the “high” linked to cannabis use. CBD, however, does not cause this effect. As hemp and cannabis laws change in the U.S., consumers are examining these compounds for their potential benefits.
Major differences between CBD and THC:
| CBD | THC | |
|---|---|---|
| is legal | it depends (see below) | it depends (see below) |
| produces a high | no | yes |
| interacts with endocannabinoid system | yes | yes |
| has side effects | yes (see below) | yes (see below) |
| shows on drug test | possibly | yes |
| relieves pain | yes | yes |
| reduces nausea | yes | yes |
| eases migraine | yes | yes |
| reduces anxiety | yes | yes |
| eases depression | yes | no |
| decreases seizures | yes | no |
| is anti-inflammatory | yes | yes |
| helps with insomnia | yes | yes |
| helps with psychosis | yes | no |
| increases appetite | no | yes |
| is used for various other conditions | yes | yes |
CBD vs. THC: Chemical Structure and Legalities
Both CBD and THC interact with the endocannabinoid system in the body. However, they have distinct chemical structures, which influence how they work. THC binds to CB1 receptors in the brain, producing euphoria. CBD interacts weakly with these receptors and can reduce THC’s effects. CBD products are available as oils, gummies, and supplements. Federally, CBD is legal if derived from hemp with less than 0.3% THC. Marijuana-derived CBD remains illegal federally, though state laws differ. THC is still classified as a Schedule I drug but is legal in some states for medical or recreational use. thc vs cbd
THC vs CBD
Medical Benefits
Both CBD and THC have potential medical uses. The FDA has approved Epidiolex, a CBD-based drug, to treat rare forms of epilepsy. THC-based medications, such as nabilone and dronabinol, help manage nausea, vomiting, and appetite loss, especially in chemotherapy patients. CBD may help with anxiety, depression, and insomnia, but more research is necessary. THC is commonly used for pain, nausea, and sleep disorders. While both compounds may aid pain management, THC is more potent, but CBD can help reduce THC’s unwanted effects.
